Notably, the OTUD3C76A mutant showed no significant effects on VEGF-C expression, tumor-induced VEGFR signaling, migration, and tube formation of human LECs (hLECs; Supplementary Fig. 4g–j), indicating that the catalytic activity of OTUD3 is indispensable for its role in lymphangiogenesis. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFC and neoplasm.