Expression of key proteins involved in lipid metabolism and NAFLD progression, such as acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC; encoded by Acaca), fatty acid synthase (FAS; encoded by Fasn) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), were analyzed by western blotting using α-tubulin or β-actin as normalizers (Fig. 3A,B). Here, ACACA is linked to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.