STAT3 and atrial fibrillation: Other areas of research for the antiproliferative activity of AF focus on the inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3),16, 17, 18 nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB)18, 19 and protein kinase C iota (PKCiota)20, 21 signaling.