The variance contributed by each exonic, intronic, promotor, or cis region is typically only a small fraction of a percent, with largest effect sizes being the exonic region of GDF5 contributing 0.26% (95% CI 0.21, 0.32) to the phenotypic variance of height, the intronic region of FTO contributing 0.48% (95% CI 0.29, 1.12) to BMI, both the exonic-region and intronic-region of LPA contributing a combined 0.08% (95% CI 0.04, 0.13) to the risk of CAD, and the intronic region of TCF7L2 contributing 0.28% (95% CI 0.23, 0.35) to the risk of T2D (Fig. 4c, full results in Supplementary Data 6–9). Here, GDF5 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.