CFTR and cystic fibrosis: By using preclinical models of CF in vitro and in vivo, we have discovered that anakinra promotes IL-1R1–independent autophagy through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor that, activated through the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1-kynurenine pathway, leads to NOX4-dependent mitochondrial H2O2 production and positively regulates cellular proteostasis in mice and human cells with the p.Phe508del-CFTR mutation.