Interestingly, Perides et al. (26) have shown that the Ly-6Chi monocyte subset (which may correspond to M1 macrophages) increased the AP severity by producing TNF-α, and their depletion (using diphtheria toxin–inducible Ly-6Chi monocyte depletion) prior to AP induction in CD11b-DTR mice reduced AP severity. Here, TNF is linked to alkaline phosphatase measurement.