A case-control study enrolling 27 pediatric patients submitted to surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) described a few remarkable findings: in the group with AKI, SCr levels peaked at 48 h, whereas uL-FABP increased significantly 6 hours after CPB; and L-FABP levels 6 h after CPB were significantly associated with onset of AKI. This evidence concerns the gene FABP1 and acute kidney injury.