TP53 and viral infectious disease: Figure 5(d) shows an increase of p53 expression following viral infection not only in SCR cells but also in shHSF1 cells. These results indicate that while p53 is involved in viral replication, HSF1 is instead deeply involved in regulating the Hek293 proliferation rate. Under this experimental condition, we observed that the inhibition of cell proliferation and a still active virus replication result in a cytopathic effect at later time points, as reported in Figure 5(e), where a significant number of cell death were determined.