This demonstrates that serum samples taken from all HD patients at the start of the HD session (t = 0 min) had similar concentrations of IL-1α; however, higher concentrations of IL-1α were found in serum samples that interacted for 30 min with smaller pore size membranes vs. larger pore size membranes or smoother membranes vs. rougher membranes. Here, IL1A is linked to Huntington disease.