Recent studies have focused on the relationship between PAR1/PAR4 and NF-κB/STAT3 signaling pathway, which enlightened us that the reason why PAR1 and PAR4 had completely opposite effects on ESCC progress might be attributed to the distinct activation of STAT3 and NF-κB in ESCC cell lines. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.