These observations are in line with previous observations that a subset of ISGs, including viperin (also known as RSAD2), IFIT1, IFIT2, and IFIT3, was induced upon HIV-1 infection at an early phase of HIV-1, independently from both IFN-I induction and viral reverse transcription (13, 40, 43). The gene discussed is RSAD2; the disease is HIV-1 infection.