For example, in our discussion regarding obesity and diet, smoking and diabetes, the microbiome and the mycobiome, we were able to demonstrate how these entities share similar implications on the proinflammatory pathways while affecting similar cytokines and transcription factors such as IL-6, IL-1, IL-17, STAT3, NFkB (see Figure 6). The gene discussed is STAT3; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.