VCAN and cancer: As expected, compared with tumors with low Hh activity, tumors with high Hh activity showed dramatically active signatures of CAFs and ECM remodeling in 14 cancer types, such as the upregulated expression of COL11A1, DDR2, COMP, FN1, VCAN, and COL1A1, most of which correlated with tumor immunosuppression (Figure 3B).