An outstanding example is the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T (CAR-T) cell adoptive therapy, which targets certain blood cancers at impressive efficacy and has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat CD19+ B cell malignancies.4, 5, 6 Adoptive transfer of in vitro expanded tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TILs) and T cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells also show promise in treating some blood cancers and solid tumors in the clinic.7 The gene discussed is CD19; the disease is hematopoietic and lymphoid system neoplasm.