NOD2 and Insulin resistance: Conversely, infusion of LPS with underacylated lipid A or repeated injection of the bacterial cell wall component muramyl dipeptide (MDP) lowers adipose tissue inflammation and mitigates insulin resistance in obese mice by engaging a Nucleotide Binding Oligomerization Domain Containing 2 (NOD2) innate immune response [[36], [37], [38]].