Out of the six miRNAs identified as novel TLR7/8 activators, we selected miR-100-5p and miR-298-5p to pursue further studies with respect to their functional relevance in neuroinflammation and CNS injury for the following reasons: i) both miRNAs activate human TLR7 and/or human TLR8, ii) both miRNAs induce cytokine release from mouse microglia, thereby triggering an inflammatory response, iii) miR-100-5p activates not only mouse microglia but also human-derived macrophages, and iv) both miRNAs were previously linked to neurodegenerative diseases, including AD [46–50]. The gene discussed is TLR7; the disease is Alzheimer disease.