S100B and COVID-19: At < 48 h hospitalization for of COVID-19, the mean levels of MAP2 (68 ± 7.5 vs. 26 ± 3.9, pg/ml, p < 0.01), NSE (16.9 ± 3.2 vs. 4.9 ± 0.59, pg/ml, p < 0.01) and S100B (113 ± 16 vs. 43 ± 7, pg/ml, p < 0.01) were significantly higher compared to controls (Fig. 1A).