Since PD-L1 assays identify a single immune checkpoint pathway, further characterization of the state of immune cells in the TME at different stages of disease both by bulk gene expression profiling and spatial analysis could allow us to identify mechanisms of tumor immune escape and other potential therapeutic targets [20].This could help determine the optimal combinations as well as the stage and line of treatment in which immunotherapy is most effective. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.