NLRP3 and Cognitive impairment: In this study, we hypothesized that sepsis may induce the activation of NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs), increase secretion of Interleukin 1β (IL‐1β) into CNS, which can cause serious neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment.