PNPLA3 and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: In a case-control study conducted in 1027 Chinese children, physical activity was demonstrated to modulate the effect of PNPLA3 rs738409 variant: proportions of NAFLD increased with the presence of the G-allele only in participants with insufficient physical activity/sedentary behavior [104], and Muto et al., found similar results in a retrospective longitudinal study [105].