TNF and type 1 diabetes mellitus: In turn, a Turkish study conducted among children with type 1 diabetes confirmed the activation of a systemic inflammatory process already in the early stages of the disease, which may indicate ongoing destruction of β cells, whereas as the disease continues to progress, the levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α confirm continuous activation of proinflammatory factors, even in late stages of diabetes [79].