After investigating the potential of the gene polymorphisms involved in the vitamin D metabolic pathway in 194 Caucasian patients (from Spain) with NSCLC, we found that for the general population, patients carrying the A allele for the CYP27B1 rs4545636 polymorphism had a higher risk of progression and tended to have a higher risk of death than bearers of the GG genotype. This evidence concerns the gene CYP27B1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.