INS and Insulin resistance: Studies that included at least two glycemic measurement outcomes, such as fasting glycemic indices FBG, fasting insulin (FI), fasting C-peptide (FCP), and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and postprandial glycemic indices PG, PI, postprandial C-peptide (PCP), and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), were considered.