Later, one different team investigated the potency of L. rhamnosus GR-1 to prevent E. coli adhesion and described the effects of L. rhamnosus GR-1 on ameliorating E. coli-induced mastitis and cell damage in primary bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs), as well as the NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is mastitis.