IFNG and HIV infectious disease: Although it is assumed that in HIV infection, the expression of IFN-γ and its immunological functions are shifted more towards pro-inflammatory action than immunoregulatory functions [40,47], it is believed that IFN-γ can affect the development of HIV infection by changing the expression of chemokine receptors and their ligands, leading to a change in the penetration of the virus into monocytic cells [42].