In the group of patients with combined HIV/TB infection, on the 180th day of therapy, the concentration of IL-2 increased by an average of 3.3 times compared to the other three groups (p = 0.007), and the concentration of TNF-α exceeded 15.7 times the level of the same indicator in the control group, 3.9 times in the group with TB alone, and 1.6 times in the group of patients with HIV monoinfection (p = 0.009; p = 0.02 and p = 0.02, respectively). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is tuberculosis.