Although the early initiation of ART improves the survival of patients with a low number of CD4+ cells, there is insufficient evidence to confirm or refute the advantage of the early initiation of ART for the survival of HIV/TB patients with a CD4+ cell count >50 cells/mm3, but at the same time, the early initiation of ART doubles the frequency of TB-IRIS in this cohort of patients, regardless of the number of CD4+ cells [137,139]. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is tuberculosis.