The discovery of ligands for immune sensory molecules, such as ligands for TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, and cyclic-di-AMP as a ligand for the cGAS/STING pathway, as well as ligands for the cytosolic RNA-recognition receptor RIG-I or MDA-5, triggered substantial interest in their therapeutic use for chronic hepatitis B. Adjuvants serve the purpose of triggering inflammation and, more specifically, functional maturation of dendritic cells, thereby increasing the strength of the immune response against recombinant antigens. The gene discussed is TLR8; the disease is chronic hepatitis B virus infection.