TNF and neoplasm: This is derived from the fact that leukocytes at chronic inflammatory sites produce growth factors that promote proliferation (TNF-α, TGF-β, EGF) [27,28,29,30], along with histamine and heparins [31], ECM-modulating proteases; additionally, tumor cells and activated leukocytes produce ROS in abundance, leading to oxidative stress, thereby stimulating the modulation of genetic and epigenetic factors (Figure 2) [32].