Additionally, this microbiome can be assisted by probiotics; for instance, a constituent of polysaccharide peptidoglycan complex on Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS) has been shown to exert beneficial effects in a murine model of inflammatory bowel disease and colitis-associated cancer through inhibition of IL-6/STAT3 signaling (via TLR4 pathway) [97]. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is cancer.