MPA elicited a similar response to DEX, although the extent of cytokine changes compared to untreated control was small in tissue explants treated prior to infection and the statistical significance of these changes inconsistent between BaL- and LAI-infected explants, with the exception of CCL5 that was significantly reduced by both MPA 100 and 10 nM for both HIV-1 strains (Figure 3A and Figure 4A). The gene discussed is CCL5; the disease is infection.