IRF3 and infection: For example, Lazear et al. demonstrated that Ifnar−/− and Irf3−/−Irf5−/−Irf7−/− triple knockout (TKO) mice inoculated subcutaneously with ZIKV sustained higher levels of infection in the testes, spinal cord, and brain compared to WT mice and exhibited signs of neurological disease, such as hind limb weakness and paralysis, starting around 6 days post-infection (dpi).