GPT and injury: Concerning the non-HBV causes of higher ALT elevations among the 23 anti-HBs-positive patients, ischemic liver injury, drug-induced liver injury, obstructive jaundice, acute hepatitis caused by non-HBV, acute hepatitis type C and unknown etiology were the causes in 13 (56.5%), 3 (13.0%), 2 (8.7%), 2 (8.7%), 1 (4.3%) and 2 patients (8.7%), respectively (Table 5).