XBP1 and astrocytoma (excluding glioblastoma): Interestingly, despite the low level of XBP1 protein induction in astrocytoma SNB19 cells after infection with TBEV HB171 and LGTV, XBP1 mRNA splicing seemed to occur at a similar level compared to TBEV Neudoerfl infected cells, though with slower kinetics for LGTV (Figure 3).