PIK3CA and neoplasm: Indeed, some mechanistic studies have shown that STAT3 can induce cell cycle progression and inhibit various apoptotic genes [19,72,99,100], while PI3K/AKT signalling inhibits p53, Chk-1, and transcription of tumour suppressors, and induces cyclin D1, myc, and mTOR transcription [101,102], with these changes contributing to proliferation and cell survival.