The 11 upregulated genes (ARID5A, CDC42EP3, CDKN1A, FLT3, JUNB, MAP2K3, MYBPC2, RGS14, RNASEK, TBC1D30, and TXNDC11) in the high-risk group were recognized as putative biomarkers of TMZ resistance in the tumor mass of patients with primary GBM. Here, CDC42EP3 is linked to glioblastoma.