TNF and neoplasm: In short, increased ROS generation leads to the secretion of IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6, CXCL-12, TNF, NOX2, COX-2 and IL-2 (Figure 4) into the ECM of the tumor, suggesting that ROS stimulates the multiplication of tumor cells and downregulation of all apoptotic factors, thus promoting tumor growth and remodeling the TME for better immunosuppression.