Similarly, expression of the calcification regulators, RANKL, MGP, and OPG was significantly increased in CKD patients and the severity of their staining showed positive correlation with the degree of vascular calcification, and, also, with the intensity of macrophage, myofibroblast, T and B cell infiltration, and endothelial cell activation. This evidence concerns the gene TNFRSF11B and chronic kidney disease.