A new cytokine (CXCL16) was investigated together with the chemokine receptor combination CXCL12/CXCR4 and CXCL16/CXCR6 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer [81]. Here, CXCR4 is linked to cervical squamous intraepithelial neoplasia.