In other neuropsychiatric disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorders, PPARα activation by N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA, an agonist of PPARα) improved contextual fear responses, facilitated fear extinction, and induced anxiolytic effects under a socially isolated condition in mice [32]. This evidence concerns the gene PPARA and post-traumatic stress disorder.