The hypotheses concerning the implications of disturbances in serum total SOD activity, as well as in SOD1 and SOD2 concentrations, with respect to biochemical variables and clinical data were not confirmed in our prospective cohort study, with the exception of the significantly lower concentrations of ceruloplasmin in lung cancer patients with SOD1 concentrations lower than the median. The gene discussed is SOD1; the disease is lung cancer.