BDNF and Alzheimer disease: For instance, in mice models of AD, oral administration or intraperitoneal injection of purified PE-Pls led to neuroprotection by attenuating neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation in the brain as indicated by a reduced microglia activation, reduced accumulation of Aβ peptides, decreased neuronal apoptosis, and activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tropomyosin receptor B/cAMP response element-binding protein (BDNF/TrkB/CREB) signaling pathway, and inhibition of oxidative stress [33,104,107,108].