TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: It is of further interest to note that, although the pattern of IL-6 production was similar in adipocytes derived from lean and obese adipose tissues, the IL-6 production co-induced by IL-1β and TNFα was much higher in adipocytes from obese tissue, which implies that obesity-associated changes may reprogram adipocytes for increased IL-6 production following exposure to these two prototypical inflammatory cytokines.