IL1B and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Similarly, IL-1β and TNFα are two other well-known adipokines that are found to be upregulated in the circulation as well as in adipose tissue in obesity, and are known to play key roles in metabolic inflammation and development of insulin resistance, while the inhibition of IL-1β and/or TNFα led to an amelioration in insulin resistance [50,51,52].