Among the six different genes between n-HOFs and GHOFs, 3D spheroids (COL1, COL4, COL6, LOX, CTGF and IL1β) and OMD exerted effects on four genes (COL4; no change, COL6; no change, CTGF; no change, and IL1β; significant up-regulation) of M22; IGF-1-stimulated, 3D n-HOFs spheroids were identical with those of the 3D GHOFs spheroids (Figure 3 and Figure 4, and Table 2). Here, CCN2 is linked to occult macular dystrophy.