GNG4 and neoplasm: Interestingly, we noticed that many of the gene targets identified overlap between these two pathways, such as FGF9, FGF16, FGF2, GNG4, FGF23, EFNA3, EFNA2, HGF, PGF, SOS1 and KIT, suggesting that the cross-talks between the PI3K and RAS pathways might be important in promoting progression to the tumor stage.