Conversely, PD-L1 expression was rarely reported in benign prostatic tissue or hyperplasia in the remaining studies: Sharma et al., 1/201 (0.5%) cases [27,35]; Richter et al., 1/24 (4%) cases (focal expression) [55]; and Sun et al., 0/30 (0%) cases [13]. Here, CD274 is linked to hyperplasia.