As a result, antigen presentation is augmented via mechanisms such as antigen cross-presentation, HLA up-regulation, activation of the immune system (e.g., via IL-2, TNF and IFNγ) and expression of co-stimulatory molecules (e.g., CD40/CD40L or B7/CD28) in both tumor and in the tumor microenvironment. The gene discussed is CD28; the disease is neoplasm.