TNF and hypertensive disorder: The only study we could find that investigated both neuroinflammation and blood–brain barrier integrity in preeclampsia assessed the concentrations of C5a, C5b-9, TNF-alpha and IL-6 in CSF and the CSF/plasma albumin ratio in preeclampsia cases with or without severe features (n = 16), compared to hypertensive disease (n = 16) without proteinuria and normotensive controls (n = 16) [16].