Indeed, cultured human astrocytes exposed to synthetic poly-GR and -PR C9orf72-derived dipeptides undergo significant changes in the alternative splicing of a number of mRNAs, including the mRNA encoding the glutamate transporter EAAT2, whose splicing is known to be affected in ALS patients [144,145]. The gene discussed is C9orf72; the disease is amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.