EPS significantly enhanced PGC1α expression in both groups (EPS effect: p = 0.0008; Figure 5A), but variations in PGC1α expression were significantly higher (p = 0.014; Figure 5B) in healthy myotubes (+126.0%) compared to COPD myotubes (+49.7%). The gene discussed is PPARGC1A; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.