High cellular or circulating mortalin levels have been reported to be significantly associated with worse outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, serous ovarian carcinoma, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, non-small cell lung cancer and invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast [84,97,98,99,100,101,102,103]. This evidence concerns the gene HSPA9 and ovarian serous carcinoma.