PAR-1 activation by thrombin promotes the expression of pro-fibrotic markers, such as α-SMA and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), but also of proinflammatory markers, such as IL-6 and MCP-1, in adult rat CFs [7]. The gene discussed is CCL2; the disease is myalgic encephalomeyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.