Administration of NMN, an intermediate in NAD synthesis, alleviated inflammation and fibrosis in T1D diabetic rats [157], and increased the oxidized form, NAD+, SIRT1 expression, and NAD+ salvage pathway in the kidney, ameliorating albuminuria, mesangial expansion, and foot process effacement in T2D mice [230]. Here, SIRT1 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.